Project overview
Sustainable public transport solutions and innovative governance schemes for improving connectivity in Central Europe
Leaving the car at home remains challenging for people in sparsely populated areas close to borders. Too often, there are simply no satisfying public transport offers available. The SUSTANCE project involved a wide range of transport stakeholders to co-design innovative mobility services and governance schemes that help public authorities to change this. In this process, the partners deployed amongst others customised intervention action plans in pilot regions.
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2,01m €
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Project Budget
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80%
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of the Budget is funded by ERDF
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4
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Countries
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7
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Regions
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8
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Partners
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6
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Pilots
Duration
Start date
End date
Project progress
About the project
Project partnership
Project partners
Lead partner
Central European Initiative - Executive Secretariat
Project Management Office
Project partner
Institute for Regional Development
Roadmap
Challenge
People living in sparsely populated, cross-border areas were relying heavily on their cars, as public transport options in these regions were too limited or poorly connected to meet their everyday travel needs.
Problem
This car dependency was contributing to environmental pollution and working against Europe's shared goal of a greener future: one that public transport, if made viable, could support.
Idea
We asked ourselves: what if we developed services and tools that made travelling by public transport easier, even across borders? This question shaped the direction of the project from the outset.
Solution
Over almost three years, SUSTANCE delivered six pilot actions and two supporting digital tools, developed with institutions from four countries (Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, and Hungary) with the shared goal of improving cross-border connectivity. Concretely, the project has successfully introduced: (1) A temporary direct cross-border train connection between Trieste (Italy) and Rijeka (Croatia), via Divača and Pivka (Slovenia); (2) A web application supporting a Demand-Responsive Transport (DRT) service in the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy; (3) A direct cross-border train line between Neusiedl Lake (Austria) and Sopron (Hungary), replacing a route that previously required a change of trains; (4) A bike-sharing service near train stations in the Istria Region, connecting cycling and rail travel; (5) An application integrating bike and train travel in Istria, Croatia; and (6) A new bike-and-train section on the Croatian Railways website, consolidating information on public transport, cycling routes, EuroVelo routes, bike-friendly accommodation, and local sights.
How
We began by engaging relevant stakeholders to gather their input and involve them directly in shaping the project's activities. In parallel, we studied the target regions in depth to understand their specific mobility context and real needs. Building on these insights, we implemented the services and tools described above, involving more than 50 stakeholders throughout their development and testing.
Proof
The Pilot Actions generated strong and measurable results. Here are some examples: (a) The Trieste-Rijeka train connection (April-September 2024) carried more than 8,200 passengers and 425 bicycles; (b) The DRT web application in Emilia-Romagna (March–December 2025) facilitated over 7,600 bookings and around 9,000 passengers; (c) The Neusiedl Lake–Sopron direct train line ran 160 times over 20 weekends (April–August 2024), transporting more than 2,000 passengers and 600 bicycles; (d) The Istria bike-sharing service recorded over 550 bicycle rentals between summer and December 2025; (e) The Istria bike-and-train app surpassed 3,000 downloads.
Impact
The results confirmed that when convenient, well-designed alternatives are available, people are willing to leave their cars behind. Beyond the numbers, SUSTANCE demonstrated that cross-border cooperation can turn ambitious sustainability goals into practical, everyday solutions - benefiting both local communities and the environment. For visitors facing similar challenges, the tools, pilot models, and stakeholder engagement approach developed through SUSTANCE are available for reuse and adaptation.
Follow our work
Join us in connecting Europe and preserving environment for future generations!
News
Events
Pilot actions
Outputs
Transnational action plan for better cross-border public transport connectivity
Transnational action plan for better ICT solutions for public transport
Long-term sustainability guidelines for better connectivity & smart mobility solutions
Long-term strategy for promoting cooperation and better governance of public transport
Project videos
Project documents
Newsletters
SUSTANCE
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