wolf crossing a river in wild
Tomáš Hulík Vlk Dravý

LECA

Project overview

Supporting the coexistence and conservation of Carpathian LargE CArnivores

The Carpathians are home to large populations of lynx, wolves and bears. In recent years, conflicts between large carnivores and humans have increased, but no one knows if this is due to growing populations because data are not collected in a harmonised way across borders. The LECA project introduces a consistent and efficient monitoring approach, which involves local stakeholders. It will result in up-to-date population information, coupled with effective conflict prevention measures.

2,93m €

Project Budget

80%

of the Budget is funded by ERDF

Layer 1

6

Countries

11

Regions

12

Partners

4

Pilots

Duration

Start date

End date

Project progress

100%

Project partnership

Project partners

Česko (CZ)

Lead partner

Mendel University in Brno

Department of Forest Ecology
Address
Zemědělská 1
613 00 Brno
Country
Czechia (CZ)
Web
www.mendelu.cz

Project partner

Address
Usypiskowa 11
02-386 Warszawa
Country
Poland (PL)
Web
www.wwf.pl
Total partner budget
176,908 €
Address
Medená 101/5
811 02 Bratislava
Country
Slovakia (SK)
Web
https://slovakia.panda.org/
Total partner budget
288,581 €
Address
Álmos vezér útja 69/A
1141 Budapest
Country
Hungary (HU)
Web
https://wwf.hu/
Total partner budget
278,499 €
Faculty of Forestry/Department of Applied Zoology and Wildlife Management
Address
T. G. Masaryka 24
960 01 Zvolen
Country
Slovakia (SK)
Web
https://www.tuzvo.sk/en
Total partner budget
317,406 €
Természetmegőrzési Osztály (Nature Conservation Department)
Address
Sánc 6.
3411 Eger
Country
Hungary (HU)
Web
www.bnpi.hu
Total partner budget
103,335 €
Address
Kuźnice 1
34-500 Zakopane
Country
Poland (PL)
Web
www.tpn.pl
Total partner budget
256,576 €
Address
Tajovského 28 B
974 01 Banská Bystrica
Country
Slovakia (SK)
Web
www.sopsr.sk
Total partner budget
339,951 €
Address
Dolní náměstí 38
77900 Olomouc
Country
Czechia (CZ)
Web
www.selmy.cz
Total partner budget
220,346 €
Department of Species Protection and Implementation of International Commitments
Address
Vršovická 1442/65
100 10 Prague 10
Country
Czechia (CZ)
Web
https://www.mzp.cz/
Total partner budget
294,606 €
Address
Mihai Viteazul 44/63/E/10
500187 Brasov
Country
Romania (RO)
Web
www.zarand.org
Total partner budget
109,612 €
Address
Večna pot 2
1001 Ljubljana
Country
Slovenia (SI)
Web
http://www.zgs.si/
Total partner budget
189,078 €

Roadmap

1

Setting the scene

2

Exchange and pre-validation of knowledge

joint conference of the Alpine and the Carpathian Conventions in Slovenia

Expert consultations include (1) series of consultations on the LC analyses (monitoring, poaching, conflict prevention) with Carpathian Convention Working Group Biodiversity and with Alpine Convention; (2) draft guidances on monitoring, poaching investigation, conflict prevention to be validated in pilot areas.

3

Joint preparation of pilot actions

Detailed Pilot Action plans one for each area are prepared and peer-reviewed by partners, building on the results of previous activities.

4

Establishment of stakeholder platforms

In order to foster communication between the Pilots and local communities we establish cross-border stakeholder platforms in each Pilot Area that will hold regular consultations.

5

Widening the reachout

Increasing awareness and engagement includes (1) stakeholder engagement using new IT solutions; (2) awareness raising events of LCs based on project outputs and results for the national public.

6

Implementation of Pilot Actions

Reports on the results of Pilot Actions implemented on the monitoring, conflict prevention and poaching in pilot areas: Bear in the Tatra Mountains (SK, PL), lynx in the East Carpathians (PL, SK), lynx in the Slovak Karst (SK, HU), wolf in the Western Carpathians (CZ, SK).

7

Assessments in reference areas and Synthesis of the results

Synthesis of the results of the pilot actions and formulation of strategies includes (1) reports on Reference Areas (SL, RO); (2) joint synthesis of pilot results from pilot areas to feed back into guidelines; (3) local info days at events in Pilot Areas to present pilot action result.

8

Elaboration of strategies

Elaboration of peer reviewed strategies includes the following activities such as (1) peer reviewed draft local strategies created through workshop; (2) finalised Pilot area level strategies based on ground-proven guidelines on large carnivore conservation in monitoring, poaching investigation and conflict prevention; (3) memorandum of understanding.

9

Exchange and final validation of pilot results

Final validation of results includes (1) concluding consultations on the validated LC guidances on monitoring, poaching investigation, conflict prevention with the Carpathian Convention and with the Alpine Convention; (2) joint thematic meeting to agree on three finalised guidelines.

10

Channeling project knowledge to education

Educational activities include (1) the development of training programs in large carnivore conflict prevention for hunters in order to make their encounters with LCs conflict-free; (2) creation of university teaching material in order to spread knowledge about the main project findings.

11

Bringing project results to national policy levels

Bringing project results to national policy levels includes (1) a series of national roundtable discussions to engage policymakers into formulation of recommendations; (2) national recommendations on LC conservation; (3) national endorsement of national recommendations.

12

Transnational recommendations and updates

Trans-border activities include (1) revision of the Carpathian Convention Action Plan on LCs; (2) European level recommendations to Agricultural and Fisheries Council on cross-border, transnational and European harmonisation of monitoring, poaching investigation and conflict prevention of LCs based on validated guidances; (3) webinars on LCs organised at the transnational level.

News

Events

Pilot actions

Outputs

IT Solution for stakeholder involvement

Updated web-based and mobile application for recording monitoring effort (tracking, camera trapping) that can be used for data collection in pilot areas and data export for already existing databases. IT application with a large carnivores’ distribution GIS layer for Carpathian pilot and reference areas to be included into the CCIBIS (Carpathian Integrated Biodiversity Information System) and LCIE (IUCN Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe expert group) distribution mapping.
Type of output: Solutions
Wolf Beskydy
Wolf (Friends of Earth)

Monitoring Thematic Guidance on Large Carnivore Conservation in the Carpathians

The Thematic Guidance on Monitoring Large Carnivores provides a practical framework for harmonising the monitoring of wolves, lynx, and bears across the Carpathian region. Building on the experience of the LECA pilot actions, it recommends an integrated approach combining camera trapping, genetic sampling, GPS telemetry, snow tracking, mobile applications, centralised databases, and standardised validation procedures. The guidance supports comparable, science-based monitoring at local, national, and transboundary levels. The document emphasises that effective large carnivore conservation depends on long-term, harmonised monitoring, standardised data collection, secure data management, and continuous cross-border cooperation. By promoting common monitoring standards and evidence-based decision-making, the guidance strengthens the implementation of the Carpathian Convention and provides a transferable framework for conservation planning and population management across the region.
Type of output: Solutions
Poached wolf (J. Labuda)
J. Labuda

Poaching Investigation Thematic Guidance on Large Carnivore Conservation in the Carpathians

The guidance tackles illegal killing and poaching of large carnivores in the Carpathian region by strengthening prevention, investigation, prosecution, and cross-border cooperation. It highlights key species—brown bears, grey wolves, and Eurasian lynx—and notes that they remain threatened by poaching, poisoning, habitat pressure, and human–wildlife conflict. Major obstacles include weak forensic capacity, fragmented institutions, inconsistent laws, limited information sharing, and insufficient training and coordination. To address this, it promotes a coordinated, science-based, intelligence-led approach using improved forensic methods, centralized databases, better cross-border data exchange, harmonised legislation, and stronger institutional cooperation. It also stresses specialised training, data-driven hotspot identification, community involvement, and public awareness to improve enforcement and reduce tolerance for wildlife crime, ultimately supporting long-term conservation in the region.
Type of output: Solutions
L. Kissová

Conflict Prevention Thematic Guidance on Large Carnivore Conservation in the Carpathians

The guidance addresses rising human–large carnivore conflicts in the Carpathians and wider Europe, which have increased alongside the successful recovery of species such as bears, wolves, and lynx. Developed under the LECA project, it supports coexistence by offering evidence-based, policy-oriented solutions that combine technical, financial, governance, and social measures to reduce conflict and improve acceptance in rural landscapes. It is structured around five pillars: conflict mapping, preventive tools (e.g., fencing, guarding dogs, waste management), integrated compensation and prevention funding, participatory governance, and awareness-raising. Key recommendations emphasise prevention-first policies, stable and integrated funding systems, stronger stakeholder platforms, improved monitoring and data use, and long-term institutional cooperation. Overall, it promotes an adaptive, multi-level approach showing that sustainable coexistence is achievable when ecological and social drivers of conflict are addressed together.
Type of output: Solutions
Three large carnivores

Recommendations for the Implementation of the Carpathian Convention Action Plan on Large Carnivores

The document supports the International Action Plan on Large Carnivores in the Carpathians by translating LECA project results into practical steps for improving conservation and coordination across the region. It focuses on shared transboundary populations of brown bears, grey wolves, and Eurasian lynx, where effective conservation depends on harmonised monitoring, data sharing, and strong cross-border cooperation. Key priorities include standardised monitoring using methods such as genetic sampling, camera trapping, and telemetry, supported by common protocols and interoperable digital tools like central databases and GIS systems. It also emphasises maintaining ecological connectivity, improving human–carnivore coexistence through prevention-based conflict management, and strengthening enforcement against illegal killing via coordinated investigation and forensic systems. Overall, it shifts the Action Plan toward operational implementation with clear responsibilities, tools, and measurable outcomes to support long-term conservation.
Type of output: Strategies and action plans

Cross-border Recommendations for Carpathian Border Regions

The document focuses on the conservation and management of large carnivores in Central Europe, particularly across the Carpathian region, where wolves, lynx, and bears require coordinated, cross-border approaches due to ecological connectivity and shared populations. It highlights challenges arising from differing national legislation, monitoring systems, data-sharing practices, and stakeholder engagement, and presents the LECA project as a framework for improving coherence, cooperation, and institutional capacity across borders. It summarises strategies developed in four pilot areas (Beskydy–Kysuce, Tatras, Slovak Karst–North Hungarian Mountains, and the Eastern Carpathians), each reflecting diverse ecological and governance contexts. The document draws on implementation experience to provide recommendations for harmonised monitoring, conflict mitigation, and poaching prevention, while emphasising collaboration among protected areas, local communities, hunters, farmers, authorities, and law enforcement. Overall, it promotes an integrated, evidence-based model for scalable cross-border wildlife management in the Carpathians and beyond.
Type of output: Strategies and action plans

LECA

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Project Contacts

Project Manager

Martin Duľa
Phone: +420770137635

Finance Manager

Petra Doleželová
Phone: +420777812052

Communication Manager

Lenka Kissová
Phone: +420735075304