The idea of creating an energy community (EC) in every municipality is undoubtedly a bold and modern concept. It fits into the current challenges of energy transition, the development of renewable energy sources, and the pursuit of local energy self-sufficiency. In the face of rising energy prices and climate challenges, there is growing discussion about the need to decentralize energy production. Will such a model soon operate in every municipality in Poland? The answer is not straightforward.
How many energy communities exist in Poland?
According to data from the National Agricultural Support Center (KOWR), as of mid-July 2025 there were 108 registered energy communities in Poland. These cooperatives bring together 376 members, using 603 renewable energy installations with a total capacity of over 42 MW . For comparison: in January 20, 2025, there were around 60 EC, serving 208 members and 276 installations with a total capacity of 15.91 MW; in the beginning of 2024, there were only 25 EC in the register. This clearly shows the pace of growth.
What are the main problems facing energy communities?
Energy communities in Poland struggle with development due to underfunding, unstable legislation and a lack of understanding from grid operators when connecting RES installations. There is also no effective energy settlement system within cooperatives. Moreover, local communities often lack knowledge, leaders, and face high initial investment costs. Cooperation between neighboring municipalities is also difficult and resistant. Limited access to financing and insufficient support further hinder development.
Existing support programs for EC
There are several support programs available for EC in Poland. “Energy for the Countryside” offers non-repayable grants and loans for the development of RES such as photovoltaics, biogas plants and energy storage. At the regional level, funds are also secured for this purpose. The Marshal of the Mazovian Voivodeship launched the Mazovian Instrument for Supporting Energy Communities – the first program in Poland dedicated to municipalities in Mazovia, aimed at supporting the creation and development of EC. When it comes to EU funds, several initiatives can also be mentioned – among them the HERCULES-CE Project (Enhancing the energy transition in Central Europe with the support of Renewable Energy Communities), an EU initiative implemented under the Interreg Central Europe program. Its goal is to support the establishment of new and strengthening of existing renewable energy communities (REC) in Central Europe, to accelerate the energy transition, improve energy efficiency and combat energy poverty. It should be noted that preferential conditions will only apply until the end of 2025 – the minimum level of coverage of members’ electricity demand is just 40% of annual consumption. From January 1, 2026, this threshold will rise to a mandatory 70%, applying to all new cooperatives registered after that date.
Sources:
4. https://www.gov.pl/web/kowr/wykaz-spoldzielni-energetycznych